“干果之王”--落花生

“麻屋子，红帐子，里面住着白胖子。”“麻布袍子白布里，粉红床单白身体。”请你猜猜这两个谜语猜的是什么食品?你一定会猜得出，猜的都是人人喜吃的落花生，都有趣地描绘了这种果实的生动形象。奇物花生读到落花生，它可算是一个大怪物，别的植物总是花枝招展在空中，经过昆虫或风等传粉受精以后，就在空中结果。而落花生哩，在琳琅满目的植物界中是绝无仅有的，地上开花，落地里结果，所以叫做落花生。现在简化叫做“花生”，又名及地果。
　　很有意义的是，花生这个起源于南美洲，由印第安人长期培育的作物，经过400多年的“世界旅行”后，已经选择在气温适宜，土地肥沃的温带地区“安家落户”了。现今，在落花生故乡的巴西和秘鲁，落花生的种植面积几乎微不足道了。而在印度、中国、美国和塞内加尔广泛种植落花生，产量位居世界前列。落花生是塞内加尔的主要财富，有“落花生之国”的称号。中国坚果落花生大约在15世纪末传人我国，起初在东南沿海一带栽培。据明代弘治16年(公元1503年)，《常熟县志》记载：“三月栽，引蔓不甚长，俗云花落在地，而生子土中，故名。”可见，花生在我国栽培约有500年的历史了。
　　现今，我国各地都有花生栽培，以黄河流域下游为多。全国以福建衙口花生、山东青岛大花生、四川天府花生为最有名，成为我国出口花生的三大名牌，在国际市场上享有很高声誉，被称为“中国坚果”。花生养生花生和大豆一样，被誉称为“植物肉”，含油量高达50%，是大豆的两倍多，比油菜还高20%以上。蛋白质含量30%，相当于小麦的2倍，玉米的2.5倍，大米的3倍，是一种很好的蛋白质，容易被人体消化吸收，吸收率90%，因此，花生被誉称为“植物肉”是当之无愧的。花生的营养价值，不但比粮食为高，而且一些动物性食品如鸡蛋、牛奶、肉类、鱼类，在花生面前也都甘拜下风。花生米的产热量高于肉类，而牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼类更是无法和花生媲美，正如民谚所说：“常吃花生能养生，吃了花生不想荤”。典型食谱花生食用花样多多，大都有甜、香、脆、酥等特点。人们在休闲、旅游、逢年过节都要做些花生小食品，作为上等美食。
　　下面介绍一些典型食谱，以给本刊读者试制作。
　　1、榆皮花生：选优质花生米1000克，除去杂质和霉烂者，放入转筒内，在转动过程中，随时掺拌糖液、大米粉和面粉的混合粉，让混合粉均匀地裹在花生米的外层，然后放在转炉内，用文火慢慢烤熟，烤时要不断地转动，再掺拌酱油、鸡精，闻到香味浓郁时取出，经冷却即成胖胖的大大的花生米状的榆皮花生。食之鲜、香、脆、酥，非常可口，是人们喜食的佳品。
　　2、奶油花生：选优质花生米500克，桂皮、茴香、糖精各适量，香草油少许。先把桂皮、茴香用清水洗一下，加100克清水煮成浓液，然后将花生米用滚开水泡一泡，捞出沥干水放入盘内，再把糖精水、桂皮、茴香浓液、香草油洒入盘内花生米上，边洒边拌匀，用清洁布盖好，过30分钟后，放入烧热的白石砂的锅内翻炒，要一直炒到花生米发出哗哔啪啪的响声为止，取几粒尝一尝，熟了就行了。冷却后即成了没有奶油而溢发出奶油香味的奶油花生。食之味道好极了，又香、又甜、又脆，吃了还想吃。
　　3、琥珀花生：选优质花生米500克，用清水洗净，放入锅内加砂糖500克，再放少量清水共煮，同时要不断地搅拌，使砂糖溶化让水分逐渐蒸发，当糖液达到饱和时，砂糖逐步开始结晶，这时花生米的周围形成一层带有部分糖液和部分结晶的砂糖，好像给花生米穿上了透明的“糖衣”。然后再加少量饴糖(麦芽糖)，不断搅拌均匀，像变戏法一样花生米成了光亮亮的琥珀花生。食之甜香，观之漂亮，真是不可多得的美食。
　　4、花生酱：取优质花生米500克，拣去杂质放锅内炒熟，再压碎去花生衣。把压碎去衣的花生米加75克精盐，适量凉开水搅匀。将搅拌好的碎花生米，放入粉碎机中粉碎如粉浆，即成花生酱。装入洁净的大口瓶内，上面有一层油不要去掉，是防腐的好原料，再加瓶盖盖紧。吃时用干净的汤匙挖出，加点凉开水调匀即可食用。食之味美，清香可口，营养丰富，尤其是老年人和少年儿童特别爱吃。
　　此外，花生还可制成：花生酥糖、花生蛋白粉、花生肉丁、花生鸡丁、花生煮鱼、花生熬酱、花生八宝饭、花生八宝粥等等美食。
　　令人高兴的是，常吃花生能养生却病，延年益寿，被誉为“长生果”。食疗十则花生又是一味中药，有食疗功用。《本草纲目拾遗》说它有悦脾和胃、润肺化痰、滋养调气、清咽止疟等功效。中医认为花生适用于营养不良、脾胃失调、咳嗽痰喘、乳汁缺少等症。据国内外药理研究和临床应用，认为花生还有降压、止血和降低胆固醇的作用。下面简介食疗十则。
　　1、治营养性浮肿：花生米60克，鲫鱼1条，加酒少许，放水少量同炖烂，食之。
　　2、治咳嗽：花生米、大米、蜂蜜各30克加水煎服，每日2次。
　　3、治慢性气管炎：花生衣100克水煎10小时，过滤浓缩加糖，连服10日。
　　4、治反胃：平时常吃花生米。
　　5、治肾炎水肿：花生连衣和红枣各适量煎汤，代茶饮。
　　6、治高血压：花生米浸醋中5～7天，每日早晨空腹吃10粒。
　　7、治高血脂、冠状动脉硬化性心脏病：花生壳洗净水煎，每次服50-100克。
　　8、治头痛、失眠：花生叶100～200克，水煎代茶饮。
　　9、治乳汁少：花生90克，猪前蹄膀1只炖服。
　　10、治脚气：花生连衣、赤豆、红枣各150克，加水同煎服。

"Ma house, red mosquito net, which is home to white fat." "White linen gown, the pink sheets of white body." Guess you two riddles guess what food? You would guess, guess all the hi everyone eat groundnuts, are an interesting portrait of a vivid image of this fruit.奇物peanut groundnut read, it can be said to be a big monster, other plants花枝招展always in the air, through insects or wind pollination, such as fertilization, would be in the air results.

And groundnut miles at a wide range of plants is unique, flowering on the ground, landing in the results of so called groundnuts. Now simplify called "peanuts", also known as and real fruit. Are meaningful, peanuts that originated in South America, from the Indians to cultivate long-term crop, after 400 years of "World Travel", the selection has been at temperatures suitable land fertile temperate regions "settle" the. Today, groundnuts at home in Brazil and Peru, groundnut acreage is almost negligible.

And in India, China, the United States and Senegal extensive plant groundnut output ranked the world. Senegal groundnut are the main source of wealth, has "groundnut country" of the title. Chinese nuts groundnuts around 15 at the end of the century-human transmission in China, initially at the southeast coastal area of cultivation. Koji 16 years, according to the Ming Dynasty (AD 1503), "Changshu County," it reads: "to plant in March, not long引蔓, vulgar cloud at the flowers, while the soil and have children, named." Visible, peanut cultivation in China about 500 years of history. Today, peanuts are cultivated all over the country, to the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin for many. National yamen mouth peanut Fujian, Shandong Qingdao big peanut, Sichuan Tianfu peanut as the most famous, to become China's exports of three major brands of peanut, in the international market enjoys a high reputation, is known as "China's nuts."

Peanut health, like peanuts and soybeans, was the reputation as "meat plant", the oil content as high as 50%, soybeans are more than twice higher than the rape more than 20%. Protein content of 30%, equivalent to 2 times that of wheat, 2.5 times higher than corn, rice 3 times, is a good protein, easily digested and absorbed by the body, absorption rate of 90%, therefore, peanut by Fitch as "plant meat "is a well-deserved. The nutritional value of peanuts, not only higher than the food, and some animal foods such as eggs, milk, meat, fish, peanuts at all before candidly admit defeat. Heat production of peanuts than meat, and milk, eggs, fish and peanuts also are not comparable, as民谚said: "eat peanuts to keep in good health, eating a peanut do not want meat."

Typical consumption patterns more peanut recipes, Tai has sweet, fragrance, crisp, crisp and so on. People at leisure, tourism, festivals have to do peanut snack foods, as a first-class cuisine. Here are some typical recipes in order to give our readers the production test. 1, Yu Paper peanut: election 1000 grams high-quality peanuts, remove impurities and rotten, the Add to bins in the rotation process, the ready-doped mixed sugar, rice and flour mixed powder, so that the mixed powder evenly wrapped At the outer layer of peanuts, and then on the converter, the use of gentle heat slowly grilled, baked to constant rotation, and then doped mixed soy sauce, chicken, smell the rich aroma when removed by the cooling accompli fat significantly The peanut-shaped peanut skin elm. Eat fresh, aroma, crisp, crisp, very tasty, the people are the Jiapin preference. 2, peanut butter: 500 grams selected high-quality peanuts, cinnamon, fennel, saccharin the amount some vanilla oil. First cinnamon, fennel look washed with water, add 100 grams of water boiled thick liquid, and then use peanuts泡一泡Get out of water, remove Add Drain water tray, and then saccharin water, cinnamon, fennel Concentrated Liquid , vanilla oil into the tray sprinkle peanuts on the side edge sprinkle mix, cover with a clean cloth, over 30 minutes later, Whitehead Add hot pot stir the sand, we should have been issued炒到peanuts Wow beep beep flap far, check几粒taste and cooked on it.

After cooling does not become the issue of butter and cream overflow peanut butter flavor. Eat delicious and fragrant and sweet, and crisp, also eat eat. 3, Amber peanut: choose high-quality peanuts 500 grams, washed with water into pot plus 500 grams of sugar, add a small amount of water共煮, while constantly stirring so that sugar dissolves gradually to allow water to evaporate, when the sugar solution reaching saturation, the beginning of the crystallization of sugar gradually, then the formation of a layer of peanuts around with some sugar and some crystallization of sugar, peanuts like to put on the transparent "sugar-coated." And coupled with a small amount of maltose (maltose), constantly stirring evenly, like magic, like peanuts become light amber Liangliang peanuts.

Eat sweet, beautiful view, the food is really rare. 4, peanut butter: 500 grams from high-quality peanuts, soliciting let go of impurities炒熟pot, and then crushed peanuts go clothes. Go put clothes crushed peanut Mega 75 grams salt, regular cold water mix. Stir peanuts will be well broken into in the crush grinder such as slip, peanut butter accompli. Into a clean bottle mouth, above, has not to remove a layer of oil is a good anti-corrosion materials, coupled with the cap tightly. When eating with a clean spoon dug up, add some cold water can be consumed Autoleveller. Eat delicious, fresh and delicious, nutrient-rich, especially the elderly and children in particular love to eat.

In addition, the peanuts can be made:酥糖peanut, peanut protein powder, peanut diced meat, peanut chicken, peanut fish, peanut butter stew, peanut八宝饭, eight-treasure porridge peanut food and so on. Happily, eat peanuts to prevent a disease health, longevity, known as the "长生果." Dietotherapy 10 peanuts is blindly Chinese medicine, have therapeutic usefulness. "Compendium of Materia Medica theft by finding" that it has Yuet spleen and stomach, Moistening Lung Huatan, trophoblastic transfer gas, such as the effectiveness of malaria Qingyan only. Peanut consider the application of Chinese medicine in malnutrition, the spleen and stomach disorders, cough痰喘, the lack of等症milk. According to domestic and pharmacological research and clinical applications, also consider peanut buck, stop bleeding and reduce the role of cholesterol. The following brief introduction Dietotherapy 10. 1, administration of nutritional edema: 60 grams peanuts, 1 carp, plus some wine, water with a small amount of炖烂, eat.

2, Zhi-cough: peanuts, rice, honey 30 Galouzeau水煎服, 2 times daily.

3, administration of chronic bronchitis: 100 grams of peanut clothing decoction 10 hours, filtered concentrated sugar, even the clothes on the 10th.

4, rule nausea: usually eat peanuts. 5

, governance nephritis edema: peanut连衣and dates煎汤the amount in lieu of tea.

6, administration of hypertension: Baptist peanuts vinegar 5 ~ 7 days, daily morning fasting eat 10.

7, administration of high blood lipids, coronary heart disease: Wash PeanutHull decoction, 50-100 grams per serving.

8, headache, insomnia: peanut leaf from 100 to 200 grams, on behalf of tea decoction.

9, governance less milk: 90 grams peanuts, pigs蹄膀a stew before serving. 10, rule beriberi:连衣peanuts, beans, dates each 150 grams, add water with煎服.