翻脸无情 中药毒性最大3味药Turn against the merciless taste of Chinese medicine the most 3 toxic drugs

很多人以为，中药药性温和，因此可以大胆放心服用，剂量稍大也没有问题。但是，“是药总有三分毒”，中药也不例外，如果乱用滥用，也会有不良反应甚至引起药物中毒。有的中药不宜大量或长期服用，如含有朱砂、雄黄、乌头的中药，更应引起注意。
　　朱砂
　　又名丹砂、辰砂、赤丹、汞砂，为天然的辰砂矿石，汞含量高，有安神镇惊、清心解毒之功效，是历代中医治疗心悸心慌、失眠癫狂的要药之一。同时，许多著名的中成药中也含有朱砂，如治疗心悸、怔忡、不眠的朱砂安神丸、天王补心丹;治疗癫狂、耳鸣的磁朱丸;治疗中风的安宫牛黄丸、活络丹等。但是，此类药物若长期或者超量服用，会对消化、生精、心血管、泌尿等系统造成危害。
　　汞对胃肠黏膜有强烈的刺激性，急性朱砂中毒可引起急性腐蚀性胃炎，慢性朱砂中毒可引起上消化道出血，对肝脏损害可引起肝肿大、肝功能异常。对神经系统影响，表现为头皮麻木、视物模糊、睡眠不安、躁动多言、言语不清、易怒、胆小、幻觉、行动怪僻;后期可出现意识淡漠、朦胧以至意识丧失、肌肉震颤等症。对心血管系统影响，可引起中毒性心肌炎、心律紊乱、血压下降。心电图出现ST段下降、T波高尖等;中毒严重时可导致心力衰竭。对泌尿系统影响，可以引起肾小管上皮肿大、坏死，出现尿少、浮肿、尿蛋白、红细胞及管型，甚至少尿或无尿，最终导致肾功能衰竭、尿毒症而死亡。
　　雄黄
　　雄黄主要成分是二硫化砷，二硫化砷遇热分解为三氧化二砷，即砒霜。砒霜进入人体后，会破坏某些细胞呼吸酶，使组织细胞不能获得氧气而死亡。目前我国药典中含雄黄成方26个，内服制剂24个，常用复方制剂有牛黄解毒片、安宫牛黄丸、梅花点舌丹、六神丸、牛黄清心丸、小儿惊风散、小儿清热片、小儿化毒散等。这些制剂均含有雄黄，长期大量服用，可造成雄黄中含砷成分的积蓄，这种积蓄会造成使用者慢性中毒，其表现首先是皮肤损害，另外可引起肝、肾、造血系统等多脏器损害。
　　乌头
　　乌头别名五毒根，主产于西南地区。乌头的有毒成分是二萜类生物碱，其中毒性最大的是乌头碱，只要几毫克就可以让人丧命。
　　乌头类药物属于温经通阳之品，常用来治疗痹证，也常配伍地龙、全蝎、蜈蚣、穿山甲、白花蛇、蜂房等通络止痛的虫类药物。乌头类中毒一般在服药后10分钟至3小时内出现症状，亦有在服药后立即发生或3天后发生的。中毒后可能出现阵发性抽搐、肌肉强直、身体发硬、牙关紧闭、大小便失禁、呼吸因痉挛而窒息，继而衰竭至死。一旦发生中毒现象，应立即送医院急救。

A lot of people think that Chinese medicine mild in nature but can rest assured that taking a bold, slightly larger dose and there was no problem. However, "there will always be one-third of drugs are poison," Chinese medicine is no exception, if the misuse abuse, will have adverse reactions and even give rise to drug poisoning. Some traditional Chinese medicine should not be substantial or long-term use, such as containing cinnabar, realgar, Wu Chinese medicine, more attention should be paid.

Cinnabar Also known as cinnabar, cinnabar, Chidan, mercury sand for natural cinnabar ore, mercury content was high, has sedative镇惊, Qingxin the effect of detoxification is the history of Chinese medicine treatment of heart palpitation, insomnia drug to be one of mania. At the same time, many well-known proprietary Chinese medicines also contain cinnabar, such as the treatment of heart palpitations,怔忡not sleep soothe the nerves of Ardisia pills, Buxin Dan King; the treatment of mania, magnetic Zhu pill tinnitus; Angongniuhuang Pill treatment for stroke, such as active Dan. However, these drugs if taken over long periods of time or will digest spermatogenic, cardiovascular, urinary systems and dangerous at worst. Of mercury on the gastrointestinal mucosa has a strong irritant, acute Ardisia corrosive poisoning can cause acute gastritis, chronic cinnabar poisoning can cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding, liver damage can cause hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function. Impact on the nervous system, manifested in the scalp numbness,视物模糊, disturbed sleep, restless to say, unclear speech, irritability, timid, hallucinations, action eccentricity; the late emergence of consciousness can be indifferent, and even loss of consciousness hazy, muscle tremors, etc. disease. Impact on the cardiovascular system, can cause toxic myocarditis, arrhythmia, blood pressure dropped.

ECG ST-segment depression occurred, T wave height Tsim, etc.; serious poisoning can lead to heart failure. Impact on the urinary system, can cause renal tubular epithelial swelling, necrosis, there尿少, edema, urinary protein and red blood cells and tube-type, and even oliguria or anuria, and ultimately lead to kidney failure, uremia and death. Realgar Realgar are two major components of arsenic sulfide, arsenic disulfide event of thermal decomposition for arsenic trioxide, or arsenic. Arsenic enters the human body, it will damage some cells, respiratory enzymes, so that cell death should not get oxygen. At present, China Pharmacopoeia成方Realgar containing 26, 24 Oral agents commonly used compound preparation has Niuhuangjiedu films, Angongniuhuang Pill, Plum Point tongue Dan, Liushen Pill, Niuhuang Qingxin pills, children惊风scattered, Xiaoer Qingre films, of poisoning in children, such as casual. ]

These formulations contain realgar, substantial long-term use can cause Realgar in arsenic composition of savings, such savings would cause users to chronic poisoning, first of all, their performance are skin damage, the other can cause liver, kidney, hematopoietic system such as multiple organ damage. Aconitum Alias五毒Aconitum roots, the main production in the southwest.

Toxic components of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid, is one of the most toxic aconitine, as long as a few milligrams can be killed. Wu Wenjing drugs belong to Yang's goods, commonly used to treat Bi, and is often combined to Dragon, Scorpion, Centipede, pangolin, long-nosed pit viper, etc.

vespae Tongluo analgesic drugs worms. Aconitine poisoning in general after taking at 10-3 minutes with symptoms also happened in the medication immediately after or 3 days later took place. Poisoning may occur in paroxysmal convulsions, muscle rigidity, body hair hard, trismus, incontinence, breathing due to spasm and suffocate to death and then failure. The event of toxicity, should be immediately sent to hospital for emergency treatment.